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Chinese Translation His new political party, the Republicans, had defeated the older Federalist Party. The Federalists had controlled the government for twelve years.America's first president,Chinese Translation George Washington, was not a Federalist. But Federalists controlled the cabinet and the Congress during Washington's two terms. America's second president, John Adams, was a Federalist. So the party continued its control during his term.
== ANNOUNCER = The Federalists and the Republicans held very different opinions about how to govern the nation. Yet the change in power from one party to the other took place peacefully.Chinese LocalizationThomas Jefferson recognized the importance of this fact. He said: "What we have done in this country is all new. The force of public opinion is new.Chinese Localization But the most important and pleasing newness is that we have changed our government without violence. This shows a strength of American character that will give long life to our republic." === VOICE ONE = President Jefferson wanted to work with Federalists for the good of the nation. But he chose no Federalists for his cabinet. All the cabinet officers were strong Republicans.Chinese Simplified All were loyal to Thomas Jefferson. James Madison of Virginia was secretary of state; Albert Gallatin of Pennsylvania, secretary of the treasury; General Henry Dearborn of New Hampshire, Chinese Simplifiedsecretary of war; Robert Smith of Maryland, secretary of the Navy; and Levi Lincoln of Massachusetts, attorney general.
==== others =
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For other government positions, Jefferson decided to take a middle road. He would remove all officials appointed by former President John Adams during his lame duck period.
Chinese Traditional-HK That was the time after Jefferson won the election,Chinese Traditional-HK but before he took office. He also would remove all officials found guilty of dishonesty.
He said: "Federalists in government positions have nothing to fear if they have acted honestly and with justice. Those who have acted badly must go. As for the men I appoint to office, they must be of the highest character. I will accept no others." ===== or one less = Federalist leaders denounced Jefferson's policy. |Chinese Traditional-TWThey thought all Federalists should keep their government jobs. Many Republican leaders denounced Jefferson, too. They thought no Federalist should have a government job. The president was caught between the two groups. He finally answered his critics. "Shouts and screams from Federalists or Republicans," he said, "will not force me to remove one more official, |Chinese Traditional-TWor one less. I will do what I think is right and just."
====== Gallatin. First = President Jefferson wanted to pay the government debt. He also wanted to cut taxes on the production and sale of some products, such as whiskey and tobacco. He hoped the government could get all the money it needed from import taxes and from the sale of public lands. Jefferson began saving money by ending unnecessary jobs in the executive branch. He reduced the number of American ambassadors. He dismissed all tax inspectors. Congress would have to take the next steps. "Most government offices," Jefferson said, "were created by laws of Congress. Congress alone must act on these positions.English Translation The citizens of the United States have paid for these jobs with their taxes. It is not right or just for the government to take more than it needs from the people."
Jefferson especially wanted Congress to reduce the judicial branch.English Translation He hoped to dismiss all the Federalist judges former President Adams appointed during his last days in office. These men were known as "midnight judges."
